摘要：This study aimed to explore the characteristics of serum metabolomics in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its correlation with the severity of the disease based on gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GCMS). A total of 200 NAFLD patients and 100 healthy controls were included. Serum samples were collected and analyzed by GC-MS, and the data were processed using multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results showed that a total of 50 differential metabolites were identified, including fatty acids such as palmitic acid and oleic acid, amino acids such as glutamine and glycine, and organic acids such as lactate and citrate. The level of palmitic acid was increased while the level of glutamine was decreased in the patient group. Moreover, some of the metabolites were significantly correlated with the severity of the disease. For example, palmitic acid was positively correlated with the severity of NAFLD, while glutamine was negatively correlated. This study indicates that serum metabolomics can effectively distinguish NAFLD patients from healthy individuals, and the characteristic metabolites play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Furthermore, they have the potential to serve as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and monitoring, providing a basis for a deeper understanding of NAFLD and the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.