摘要：This paper comprehensively explores the mechanism of play-based teaching in early childhood education and its profound impact on cognitive development. It commences with an introduction highlighting the significance of early childhood education and play, followed by an in-depth examination of theoretical foundations, encompassing Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories and their relationship to play and cognitive development. Different types of play, namely sensorimotor, pretend, constructive, and games with rules, are analyzed in terms of their characteristics and effects on cognitive skills. The role of the teacher in planning, facilitating, and assessing play, as well as the importance of the physical and social-cultural learning environment, is thoroughly discussed. Through case studies of successful programs and an exploration of challenges and solutions, key findings are presented. The paper concludes by summarizing the main mechanisms, emphasizing implications for practice, and suggesting future research directions, such as investigating long-term effects, cultural impacts, and the integration of technology in play.