摘要：This study explored the neural mechanisms of mindfulness training in alleviating job burnout among 200 primary and secondary school teachers in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, randomly assigning them to an 8-week mindfulness training group or control group. Using burnout/mindfulness/emotion scales and fMRI/EEG, results showed signifcant reductions in emotional exhaustion/depersonalization and increases in mindfulness/positive emotions (36.5%, 29.1%) with decreases in negative emotions (32.3%) in the experimental group versus controls. Mechanistically, mindfulness training enhanced neural plasticity (prefrontal/hippocampal gray matter density, brain wave regulation), optimized emotion-regulating neural circuits (prefrontal-amygdala interaction, neurotransmitter balance), and promoted cognitive restructuring (dorsolateral prefrontal/anterior cingulate/default mode network modulation). While innovatively linking mindfulness to burnout relief via neural pathways, the study’s limitations included small sample size and short intervention duration, with future research recommended to expand samples, prolong follow-ups, and integrate multi-method approaches for educational application.